The English cognate is more common, and is first attested roughly around the same time as this isolated Anglo-Norman use (1398).
s.
1rebel, person who rises or revolts against a higher authority:
(
1403
)
que pleise a vostre tresgraciouse seignurie [...] d’ordener hastif remedie, pur la resistence et destruction de les rebellours du cestes parties de Southgales encontre vous et vostre magestie traiterousement levez
i 142
rebellour (1403)